银屑病
足球竞彩网
足球竞彩网
银屑病病因尚不明确，证据显示有遗传倾向4。免疫系统在银屑病发病时扮演了何种角色也是研究的热点。尽管有人提出银屑病可能是一种自体免疫性疾病，然而至今没有明确导致这种疾病的自身抗原。外源和内源诱因也可引起银屑病，包括轻微创伤、晒伤、感染、系统用药以及压力5。
临床表现
银屑病发于皮肤和指甲，并伴随一系列合并症。皮肤损伤位于局部或全身，对称居多，边界清晰，红疹和斑块，通常覆盖白色或银色的鳞片。皮损引起瘙痒和刺痛。1.3%6至34.7%7的银屑病患者患有慢性炎性关节炎（银屑病性关节炎），导致关节变形和残疾。4.2%至69%的银屑病病人有指甲病变8,9,10。报告称银屑病患者更易患心血管疾病和其他非传染性疾病（NCDs）5,11,12。
足球竞彩网
银屑病的治疗仍基于控制症状。可用局部和全身治疗以及光线疗法。临床常结合使用以上治疗方法。患者通常需终身治疗缓解疾病。至今为止，还未有完全治愈银屑病的方法。此外，银屑病患者的护理不仅包括治疗皮损及关节损伤，还包括辨别和处理已经出现或可能出现的常见合并症，例如心血管和代谢疾病以及心理疾病。
1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Global Burden of Disease Study 2010: Results by Cause 1990–2010. Seattle: IHME; 2012.
2. Gibbs S. Skin disease and socioeconomic conditions in rural Africa: Tanzania. Int J Dermatol. 1996;35(9):633–9.
3. Danielsen K, Olsen AO, Wilsgaard T, Furberg AS. Is the prevalence of psoriasis increasing? A 30–year follow-up of a population–based cohort. Br J Dermatol. 2013;168:1303–10.
4. Harden JL, Krueger JG, Bowcock AM. The immunogenetics of psoriasis: a comprehensive review. J Autoimmun. 2015;64:66–73.
5. Boehncke W-H, Schon MP. Psoriasis. Lancet. 2015;386(9997):983–94.
6. Bedi TR. Clinical profile of psoriasis in North India. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 1995;61(4):202–5.
7. Pariser D, Schenkel B, Carter C, Farahi K, Brown TM, Ellis CN, and Psoriasis Patient Interview Study Group. A multicenter, non-interventional study to evaluate patient-reported experiences of living with psoriasis. J Dermatol Treat. 2015;1–8.
8. Alshami MA. Clinical profile of psoriasis in Yemen, a 4-year retrospective study of 241 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24(Suppl. 4):14.
9. Falodun OA. Characteristics of patients with psoriasis seen at the dermatology clinic of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria: a 4-year review 2008–2012. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27(Suppl. 4).
10. Reich K, Kruger K, Mossner R, Augustin M. Epidemiology and clinical pattern of psoriatic arthritis in Germany: a prospective interdisciplinary epidemiological study of 1511 patients with plaque-type psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2009;160(5):1040–7.
11. Augustin M, Radtke MA, Glaeske G, Reich K, Christophers E, Schaefer I et al. Epidemiology and Comorbidity in Children with Psoriasis and Atopic Eczema. Dermatology. 2015;231(1):35–40.
12. Vena GA, Altomare G, Ayala F, Berardesca E, Calzavara-Pinton P, Chimenti S et al. Incidence of psoriasis and association with comorbidities in Italy: a 5-year observational study from a national primary care database. Eur J Dermatol. 2010;20(5):593–8.